编者注：缔约双方相互通知已完成各自法律程序，本协定于一九九四年十一月十九日起生效。
中华人民共和国政府和印度共和国政府，愿意缔结关于对所得避免双重征税和防止偷漏税的协定，达成协议如下：
第一条 人的范围
本协定适用于缔约国一方或者同时为双方居民的人。
第二条 税种范围
一、本协定适用于由缔约国一方、其行政区或地方当局对所得征收的所有税收，不论其征收方式如何。
二、对全部所得或某项所得征收的税收，包括对来自转让动产或不动产的收益征收的税收以及对资本增值征收的税收，应视为对所得征收的税收。
三、本协定适用的现行税种是：
（一）在中国：
1．个人所得税；
2．外商投资企业和外国企业所得税；
3．地方所得税。
（以下简称“中国税收”）
（二）在印度：
所得税及其附加。（以下简称“印度税收”）
四、本协定也适用于本协定签订之日后征收的属于增加或者代替第三款所列现行税种的相同或者实质相似的税收。缔约国双方主管当局应将各自税法所作出的实质变动，在其变动后的适当时间内通知对方。
第三条 一般定义
一、在本协定中，除上下文另有解释的以外：
（一）“中国”一语是指中华人民共和国；用于地理概念时，是指实施有关中国税收法律的所有中华人民共和国领土，包括领海，以及根据国际法，中华人民共和国拥有勘探和开发海底和底土资源以及海底以上水域资源的主权权利的领海以外的区域；
（二）“印度”一语是指印度共和国领土，包括领海和领空，以及根据印度法律和国际法，印度拥有主权、其他权利和管辖权的其他海域；
（三）“缔约国一方”和“缔约国另一方”的用语，按照上下文，是指中国或者印度；
（四）“税收”一语，按照上下文，是指中国税收或者印度税收；
（五）“人”一语包括个人、公司和按照缔约国各自的现行税法视同纳税单位的其他实体；
（六）“公司”一语是指法人团体或者在税收上视同法人团体的实体；
（七）“缔约国一方企业”和“缔约国另一方企业”的用语，分别指缔约国一方居民经营的企业和缔约国另一方居民经营的企业；
（八）“国民”一语是指所有具有缔约国一方国籍的个人和所有按照该缔约国现行法律取得其法律地位的法人、合伙企业或团体；
（九）“国际运输”一语是指缔约国一方居民企业以船舶或飞机经营的运输，不包括仅在缔约国另一方各地之间以船舶或飞机经营的运输；
（十）“主管当局”一语，在中国方面是指国家税务总局或其授权的代表；在印度方面是指财政部中央政府（收入局）或其授权的代表。
二、缔约国一方在实施本协定时，对于未经本协定明确定义的用语，除上下文另有解释的以外，应当具有该缔约国适用于本协定的税种的法律所规定的含义。
第四条 居 民
一、在本协定中，“缔约国一方居民”一语是指按照该缔约国法律，由于住所、居所、总机构所在地，或者其他类似的标准，在该缔约国负有纳税义务的人。
二、由于第一款的规定，同时为缔约国双方居民的个人，其身份应按以下规则确定：
（一）应认为是其有永久性住所所在缔约国的居民；如果在缔约国双方同时有永久性住所，应认为是与其个人和经济关系更密切（重要利益中心）所在缔约国的居民；
（二）如果其重要利益中心所在国无法确定，或者在缔约国任何一方都没有永久性住所，应认为是其有习惯性居处所在缔约国的居民；
（三）如果其在缔约国双方都有，或者都没有习惯性居处，应认为是其国民所属缔约国的居民；
（四）如果其同时是缔约国双方的国民，或者不是缔约国任何一方的国民，缔约国双方主管当局应通过协商解决。
三、由于第一款的规定，除个人以外，同时为缔约国双方居民的人，应认为是其总机构所在缔约国的居民。
第五条 常设机构
一、在本协定中，“常设机构”一语是指企业进行全部或部分营业的固定营业场所。
二、“常设机构”一语特别包括：
（一）管理场所；
（二）分支机构；
（三）办事处；
（四）工厂；
（五）作业场所；
（六）矿场、油井或气井、采石场或者其他开采自然资源的场所；
（七）与为其他人提供储存设施的人有关的仓库；
（八）从事农业、林业、种植业或者相关活动的农场、种植园或者其他场所；
（九）用于勘探、开采自然资源的装置或设施，但仅以一百八十三天以上的为限；
（十）建筑工地，建筑、安装或装配工程，或者与其有关的监督管理活动，以该工地、工程或活动（连同其他此类工地、工程或活动）连续一百八十三天以上的为限；
（十一）缔约国一方企业通过雇员或者其他人员，在缔约国另一方提供第十二条（特许权使用费和技术服务费）所规定的技术服务以外的劳务，但仅以该项活动在该缔约国另一方连续或累计超过一百八十三天的为限。
三、虽有本条以上各项规定，“常设机构”一语应认为不包括：
（一）专为储存、陈列或者交付本企业货物或者商品的目的而使用的设施；
（二）专为储存、陈列或者交付的目的而保存本企业货物或者商品的库存；
（三）专为另一企业加工的目的而保存本企业货物或者商品的库存；
（四）专为本企业采购货物或者商品，或者搜集情报的目的所设的固定营业场所；
（五）专为本企业进行其他准备性或辅助性活动的目的所设的固定营业场所。
四、虽有第一款和第二款的规定，当一个人（除适用第五款规定的独立代理人以外）在缔约国一方代表缔约国另一方的企业进行活动，有权并经常行使这种权力以该企业的名义签订合同，这个人为该企业进行的任何活动，应认为该企业在该缔约国一方设有常设机构。除非这个人通过固定营业场所进行的活动限于第三款的规定，按照该款规定，不应认为该固定营业场所是常设机构。
五、缔约国一方企业仅通过按常规经营本身业务的经纪人、一般佣金代理人或者任何其他独立代理人在缔约国另一方进行营业，不应认为在该缔约国另一方设有常设机构。但如果这个代理人的活动全部或几乎全部代表该企业，不应认为是本款所指的独立代理人。
六、缔约国一方居民公司，控制或被控制于缔约国另一方居民公司或者在该缔约国另一方进行营业的公司（不论是否通过常设机构），此项事实不能据以使任何一方公司构成另一方公司的常设机构。
第六条 不动产所得
一、缔约国一方居民从位于缔约国另一方的不动产取得的所得，可以在该缔约国另一方征税。
二、“不动产”一语应当具有财产所在地的缔约国的法律所规定的含义。该用语在任何情况下应包括附属于不动产的财产，农业和林业所使用的牲畜和设备，有关地产的一般法律规定所适用的权利，不动产的用益权以及由于开采或有权开采矿藏、水源和其他自然资源取得的不固定或固定收入的权利。船舶和飞机不应视为不动产。
三、第一款的规定应适用于从直接使用、出租或者任何其他形式使用不动产取得的所得。
四、第一款和第三款的规定也适用于企业的不动产所得和用于进行独立个人劳务的不动产所得。
第七条 营业利润
一、缔约国一方企业的利润应仅在该缔约国征税，但该企业通过设在缔约国另一方的常设机构在该缔约国另一方进行营业的除外。如果该企业通过设在该缔约国另一方的常设机构在该缔约国另一方进行营业，其利润可以在该缔约国另一方征税，但应仅以直接或间接属于该常设机构的利润为限。
但是，如果该企业证明上述活动不是由常设机构进行的，或者与常设机构无关，应不适用本款的规定。
二、除适用第三款的规定以外，缔约国一方企业通过设在缔约国另一方的常设机构在该缔约国另一方进行营业，应将该常设机构视同在相同或类似情况下从事相同或类似活动的独立分设企业，并同该常设机构所隶属的企业完全独立处理，该常设机构可能得到的利润在缔约国各方应归属于该常设机构。
三、如果缔约国一方的税法规定，对于某具体营业活动在核定利润的基础上确定属于常设机构的利润，第二款的规定并不妨碍该缔约国执行其法律的规定，但是所得到的结果应与本条所规定的原则一致。
四、在确定常设机构的利润时，应当根据该缔约国税法的规定，允许扣除其进行营业发生的各项费用，包括行政和一般管理费用，不论其发生于该常设机构所在缔约国或者其他任何地方。
五、不应仅由于常设机构为企业采购货物或商品，将利润归属于该常设机构。
六、在第一款至第五款，除有适当的和充分的理由需要变动外，每年应采用相同的方法确定属于常设机构的利润。
七、利润中如果包括有本协定其他各条单独规定的所得项目时，本条规定不应影响其他各条的规定。
第八条 海运和空运
一、缔约国一方居民企业以船舶或飞机经营国际运输业务所取得的利润，应仅在该缔约国征税。
二、在本条中，以船舶或飞机从事国际运输业务所取得的利润，应指第一款所述的企业从船舶或飞机的拥有人、承租人或包租人经营的旅客、邮件、牲畜或货物的海运或空运取得的利润，包括：
（一）该项运输客票销售的所得；
（二）与该项运输有关的船舶或飞机的租赁所得；以及
（三）使用、维修或租赁在国际运输中经营的集装箱（包括用于集装箱运输的拖车、驳船和相关设备）取得的所得。
三、在本条中，与以船舶或飞机经营国际运输业务有直接联系的资金的利息，应视为本条所述的利润，并且该利息不适用第十一条（利息）的规定。
四、第一款规定也适用于参加合伙经营、联合经营或者参加国际经营机构取得的利润。
第九条 联属企业
一、当：
（一）缔约国一方企业直接或者间接参与缔约国另一方企业的管理、控制或资本，或者
（二）同一人直接或者间接参与缔约国一方企业和缔约国另一方企业的管理、控制或资本，
在上述任何一种情况下，两个企业之间的商业或财务关系不同于独立企业之间的关系，因此，本应由其中一个企业取得，但由于这些情况而没有取得的利润，可以计入该企业的利润，并据以征税。
二、缔约国一方将缔约国另一方已征税的企业利润，而这部分利润本应由该缔约国一方企业取得的，包括在该缔约国一方企业的利润内，并且加以征税时，如果这两个企业之间的关系是独立企业之间的关系，该缔约国另一方应对这部分利润所征收的税额加以调整，在确定上述调整时，应对本协定其他规定予以注意，如有必要，缔约国双方主管当局应相互协商。
第十条 股 息
一、缔约国一方居民公司支付给缔约国另一方居民的股息，可以在该缔约国另一方征税。
二、然而，这些股息也可以在支付股息的公司是其居民的缔约国，按照该缔约国法律征税。但是，如果收款人是股息受益所有人，则所征税款不应超过股息总额的百分之十。
本款规定，不应影响对该公司支付股息前的利润所征收的公司利润税。
三、本条“股息”一语是指从股份或者非债权关系分享利润的权利取得的所得，以及按照分配利润的公司是其居民的缔约国法律，视同股份所得同样征税的其他公司权利取得的所得。
四、如果股息受益所有人是缔约国一方居民，在支付股息的公司是其居民的缔约国另一方，通过设在该缔约国另一方的常设机构进行营业或者通过设在该缔约国另一方的固定基地从事独立个人劳务，据以支付股息的股份与该常设机构或固定基地有实际联系的，不适用第一款和第二款的规定。在这种情况下，应视具体情况适用第七条或第十四条的规定。
五、缔约国一方居民公司从缔约国另一方取得利润或所得，该缔约国另一方不得对该公司支付的股息征收任何税收。但支付给该缔约国另一方居民的股息或者据以支付股息的股份与设在缔约国另一方的常设机构或固定基地有实际联系的除外。对于该公司的未分配的利润，即使支付的股息或未分配的利润全部或部分是发生于该缔约国另一方的利润或所得，该缔约国另一方也不得征收任何税收。
第十一条 利 息
一、发生于缔约国一方而支付给缔约国另一方居民的利息，可以在该缔约国另一方征税。
二、然而，这些利息也可以在该利息发生的缔约国，按照该缔约国的法律征税。但是，如果收款人是利息受益所有人，则所征税款不应超过利息总额的百分之十。
三、虽有第二款的规定，发生于缔约国一方而为缔约国另一方政府、其行政区、地方当局及其中央银行或者完全为其政府所有的金融机构取得的利息；或者为该缔约国另一方居民取得的利息，其债权是由该缔约国另一方政府、其行政区、地方当局及其中央银行或者完全为其政府所有的金融机构间接提供资金的，应在该缔约国一方免税。
四、本条“利息”一语是指从各种债权取得的所得，不论其有无抵押担保或者是否有权分享债务人的利润；特别是从公债、债券或者信用债券取得的所得，包括其溢价和奖金。由于延期支付的罚款，不应视为本条所规定的利息。
五、如果利息受益所有人是缔约国一方居民，在利息发生的缔约国另一方，通过设在该缔约国另一方的常设机构进行营业或者通过设在该缔约国另一方的固定基地从事独立个人劳务，据以支付该利息的债权与该常设机构或者固定基地有实际联系的，不适用第一款和第二款的规定。在这种情况下，应视具体情况适用第七条或第十四条的规定。
六、如果支付利息的人为缔约国一方政府、其行政区、地方当局或该缔约国居民，应认为该利息发生在该缔约国。然而，当支付利息的人不论是否为缔约国一方居民，在缔约国一方设有常设机构或者固定基地，支付该利息的债务与该常设机构或者固定基地有联系，并由其负担该利息，上述利息应认为发生于该常设机构或固定基地所在缔约国。
七、由于支付利息的人与受益所有人之间或者他们与其他人之间的特殊关系，就有关债权所支付的利息数额超出支付人与受益所有人没有上述关系所能同意的数额时，本条规定应仅适用于后来提及的数额。在这种情况下，对该支付款项的超出部分，仍应按各缔约国的法律征税，但应对本协定其他规定予以适当注意。
第十二条 特许权使用费和技术服务费
一、发生于缔约国一方而支付给缔约国另一方居民的特许权使用费或技术服务费，可以在该缔约国另一方征税。
二、然而，这些特许权使用费或技术服务费也可以在其发生的缔约国，按照该缔约国的法律征税。但是，如果收款人是特许权使用费或技术服务费受益所有人，则所征税款不应超过特许权使用费或技术服务费总额的百分之十。
三、本条“特许权使用费”一语是指使用或有权使用文学、艺术或科学著作，包括电影影片、无线电或电视广播使用的胶片、磁带的版权，专利、商标、设计或模型、图纸、秘密配方或秘密程序所支付的作为报酬的各种款项，或者使用或有权使用工业、商业、科学设备或有关工业、商业、科学经验的情报所支付的作为报酬的各种款项。
四、本条“技术服务费”一语是指缔约国一方居民在缔约国另一方提供管理、技术或咨询服务而收取的任何报酬，但不包括本协定第五条第二款第（十一）项和第十五条所提及的活动的报酬。
五、如果特许权使用费或技术服务费受益所有人是缔约国一方居民，在特许权使用费或技术服务费发生的缔约国另一方，通过设在该缔约国另一方的常设机构进行营业或者通过设在该缔约国另一方的固定基地从事独立个人劳务，据以支付该特许权使用费或技术服务费的权利、财产或合同与该常设机构或固定基地有实际联系的，不适用第一款和第二款的规定。在这种情况下，应视具体情况适用第七条或第十四条的规定。
六、如果支付特许权使用费或技术服务费的人是缔约国一方政府、其行政区、地方当局或该缔约国居民，应认为该特许权使用费或技术服务费发生在该缔约国。然而，当支付特许权使用费或技术服务费的人不论是否为缔约国一方居民，在缔约国一方设有常设机构或者固定基地，支付该特许权使用费或技术服务费的义务与该常设机构或者固定基地有联系，并由其负担这种特许权使用费或技术服务费，上述特许权使用费或技术服务费应认为发生于该常设机构或者固定基地所在缔约国。
七、由于支付特许权使用费或技术服务费的人与受益所有人之间或他们与其他人之间的特殊关系，就有关使用、权利或情报支付的特许权使用费或技术服务费数额超出支付人与受益所有人没有上述关系所能同意的数额时，本条规定应仅适用于后来提及的数额。在这种情况下，对该支付款项的超出部分，仍应按各缔约国的法律征税，但应对本协定其他规定予以适当注意。
第十三条 财产收益
一、缔约国一方居民转让第六条所述位于缔约国另一方的不动产取得的收益，可以在该缔约国另一方征税。
二、转让缔约国一方企业在缔约国另一方的常设机构营业财产部分的动产，或者缔约国一方居民在缔约国另一方从事独立个人劳务的固定基地的动产取得的收益，包括转让常设机构（单独或者随同整个企业）或者固定基地取得的收益，可以在该缔约国另一方征税。
三、转让从事国际运输的船舶或飞机，或者转让属于经营上述船舶、飞机的动产取得的收益，应仅在转让者为其居民的缔约国征税。
四、转让一个公司财产股份的股票取得的收益，该公司的财产又主要直接或者间接由位于缔约国一方的不动产所组成，可以在该缔约国一方征税。
五、转让本条以上各款所述财产以外的其他财产取得的收益，发生于缔约国一方的，可以在该缔约国一方征税。
第十四条 独立个人劳务
一、缔约国一方居民由于专业性劳务或者其他独立性活动取得的所得，应仅在该缔约国征税。但具有以下情况之一的，可以在缔约国另一方征税：
（一）在缔约国另一方为从事上述活动设有经常使用的固定基地。在这种情况下，该缔约国另一方可以仅对属于该固定基地的所得征税；
（二）在有关纳税年度中在缔约国另一方停留连续或累计超过一百八十三天。在这种情况下，该缔约国另一方可以仅对在该缔约国进行活动取得的所得征税。
二、“专业性劳务”一语特别包括独立的科学、文学、艺术、教育或教学活动，以及医师、律师、工程师、建筑师、牙医师和会计师的独立活动。
第十五条 非独立个人劳务
一、除适用第十六条、第十八条、第十九条、第二十条和第二十一条的规定以外，缔约国一方居民因受雇取得的薪金、工资和其他类似报酬，除在缔约国另一方从事受雇的活动以外，应仅在该缔约国一方征税。在该缔约国另一方从事受雇的活动取得的报酬，可以在该缔约国另一方征税。
二、虽有第一款的规定，缔约国一方居民因在缔约国另一方从事受雇的活动取得的报酬，同时具有以下三个条件的，应仅在该缔约国一方征税：
（一）收款人在有关纳税年度中在该缔约国另一方停留连续或累计不超过一百八十三天；
（二）该项报酬由并非该缔约国另一方居民的雇主支付或代表该雇主支付；
（三）该项报酬不是由雇主设在该缔约国另一方的常设机构或固定基地所负担。
三、虽有第一款和第二款的规定，在缔约国一方居民企业经营国际运输的船舶或飞机上从事受雇的活动取得的报酬，应仅在该缔约国征税。
第十六条 董事费
缔约国一方居民作为缔约国另一方居民公司的董事会成员取得的董事费和其他类似款项，可以在该缔约国另一方征税。
第十七条 艺术家和运动员
一、虽有第十四条和第十五条的规定，缔约国一方居民，作为表演家，如戏剧、电影、广播或电视艺术家、音乐家或作为运动员，在缔约国另一方从事其个人活动取得的所得，可以在该缔约国另一方征税。
二、虽有第七条、第十四条和第十五条的规定，表演家或运动员从事其个人活动取得的所得，并非归属表演家或运动员本人，而是归属于其他人，可以在该表演家或运动员从事其活动的缔约国征税。
三、虽有第一款和第二款的规定，作为缔约国一方居民的表演家或运动员在缔约国另一方进行活动取得的所得，并且该项活动为缔约国双方间文化交流计划的一部分，或者该项活动全部或主要是由缔约国任何一方政府、其行政区或地方当局的公共基金资助的，应在该缔约国另一方免予征税。
第十八条 退休金
一、除适用第十九条第二款的规定以外，因以前的雇佣关系支付给缔约国一方居民的退休金、年金和其他类似报酬，应仅在该缔约国一方征税。
二、虽有第一款的规定，缔约国一方政府、其行政区或地方当局按社会保险制度的公共福利计划支付的退休金、年金和其他类似款项，应仅在该缔约国一方征税。
第十九条 为政府服务的报酬和退休金
一、（一）缔约国一方政府、其行政区或地方当局对履行政府职责向其提供服务的个人支付退休金以外的报酬，应仅在该缔约国一方征税。
（二）但是，如果该项服务是在缔约国另一方提供，而且提供服务的个人是该缔约国另一方居民，并且该居民：
1．是该缔约国另一方国民；或者
2．不是仅由于提供该项服务，而成为该缔约国另一方的居民，该项报酬，应仅在该缔约国另一方征税。
二、（一）缔约国一方政府、其行政区或地方当局支付或者从其建立的基金中支付给向其提供服务的个人的退休金，应仅在该缔约国一方征税。
（二）但是，如果提供服务的个人是缔约国另一方居民，并且是其国民的，该项退休金应仅在该缔约国另一方征税。
三、第十五条、第十六条、第十七条和第十八条的规定，应适用于向缔约国一方政府、其行政区或地方当局举办的事业提供服务取得的报酬和退休金。
第二十条 教授、教师和研究学者收到的款项
一、任何个人是、或者在紧接前往缔约国一方之前曾是缔约国另一方居民，主要是为了在该缔约国一方的大学、学院、学校或为该缔约国一方政府承认的教育机构和科研机构从事教学、讲学或研究的目的，停留在该缔约国一方。对其由于教学、讲学或研究取得的报酬，该缔约国一方应自其第一次到达之日起，三年内免予征税。
二、本条不适用于主要是为了某人或某些人的私人利益而从事研究取得的所得。
第二十一条 学生、实习人员和学徒收到的款项
一、学生、企业学徒或实习生是、或者在紧接前往缔约国一方之前曾是缔约国另一方居民，仅由于接受教育、培训的目的，停留在该缔约国一方，其为了维持生活、接受教育或培训的目的停留在该缔约国一方，对其收到或取得的下列款项或所得，该缔约国一方应免予征税：
（一）为了维持生活、接受教育、学习、研究或培训的目的，从该缔约国一方境外取得的款项；
（二）政府或科学、教育、文化机构或其他免税组织给予的助学金、奖学金或奖金；
（三）在该缔约国一方为维持生活的目的从事个人劳务取得的所得。
二、本条优惠应仅限于为完成教育或培训通常所需的合理时间内。在任何情况下，本条优惠的适用期应自个人第一次到达该缔约国一方之日起连续不超过五年。
第二十二条 其他所得
一、缔约国一方居民取得的各项所得，不论在什么地方发生的，凡本协定上述各条未作规定的，应仅在该缔约国一方征税。
二、第六条第二款规定的不动产所得以外的其他所得，如果所得收款人为缔约国一方居民，通过设在缔约国另一方的常设机构在该缔约国另一方进行营业，或者通过设在该缔约国另一方的固定基地在该缔约国另一方从事独立个人劳务，据以支付所得的权利或财产与该常设机构或固定基地有实际联系的，不适用第一款的规定。在这种情况下，应视具体情况分别适用第七条或第十四条的规定。
三、虽有第一款和第二款的规定，缔约国一方居民取得的发生于缔约国另一方的所得，凡本协定上述各条未作规定的，可以在该缔约国另一方征税。
第二十三条 消除双重征税方法
一、在中国，消除双重征税如下：
（一）中国居民从印度取得的所得，按照本协定规定在印度缴纳的税额，可以在对该居民征收的中国税收中抵免。但是，抵免额不应超过对该项所得按照中国税法和规章计算的中国税收数额。
（二）从印度取得的所得是印度居民公司支付给中国居民公司的股息，同时该中国居民公司拥有支付股息公司股份不少于百分之十的，该项抵免应考虑支付该股息公司就该项所得缴纳的印度税收。
二、在印度，消除双重征税如下：
印度居民取得的所得，按照本协定的规定可以在中国征税的，印度应允许在对该居民的所得征收的税收中抵扣，抵扣额等于在中国直接缴纳或扣除的所得税额。但是，在这种情况下，该抵扣额不应超过抵扣前归属于在中国征税的所得所计算的那部分所得税数额。
三、本条第一款和第二款所述在缔约国一方缴纳的税额，应视为包括假如没有按照该缔约国为促进经济发展的法律规定给予减税、免税或其他税收优惠而本应缴纳的税额。
第二十四条 无差别待遇
一、缔约国一方国民在缔约国另一方负担的税收或者有关条件，不应与该缔约国另一方国民在相同情况下，负担或可能负担的税收或者有关条件不同或比其更重。
二、缔约国一方企业在缔约国另一方常设机构的税收负担，不应高于该缔约国另一方对其本国在相同情况或相同条件下进行同样活动的企业。
三、缔约国一方对缔约国另一方企业设立的常设机构的利润征收的税率与对其本国类似企业不同时，不应理解为本条所述的差别待遇。
四、本条不应理解为缔约国一方由于民事地位、家庭负担给予该缔约国居民的任何扣除、优惠和减免也必须给予缔约国另一方居民。
五、除适用第九条第一款、第十一条第七款或第十二条第七款规定外，缔约国一方企业支付给缔约国另一方居民的利息、特许权使用费和其他款项，在确定该企业应纳税利润时，根据该缔约国一方国内法律的规定，应与在同样情况下支付给该缔约国一方居民同样予以扣除。
六、缔约国一方企业的资本全部或部分，直接或间接为缔约国另一方一个或一个以上的居民拥有或控制，该企业在该缔约国一方负担的税收或者有关条件，不应与该缔约国一方其他同类企业在相同情况和相同条件下的负担或可能负担的税收或者有关条件不同或比其更重。
七、在本条中，“税收”一语是指适用于本协定的各种税收。
第二十五条 协商程序
一、当一个人认为，缔约国一方或者双方所采取的措施，导致或将导致对其不符合本协定规定的征税时，可以不考虑各缔约国国内法律的补救办法，将案情提交本人为其居民的缔约国主管当局；或者如果其案情属于第二十四条第一款，可以提交本人为其国民的缔约国主管当局。该项案情必须在不符合本协定规定的征税措施第一次通知之日起，三年内提出。
二、上述主管当局如果认为所提意见合理，又不能单方面圆满解决时，应设法同缔约国另一方主管当局相互协商解决，以避免不符合本协定规定的征税。达成的协议应予执行，而不受各缔约国国内法律的时间限制。
三、缔约国双方主管当局应通过协议设法解决在解释或实施本协定时所发生的困难或疑义，也可以对本协定未作规定的消除双重征税问题进行协商。
四、缔约国双方主管当局为达成第二款和第三款的协议，可以相互直接联系。为有助于达成协议，双方主管当局的代表可以进行会谈，口头交换意见。
第二十六条 情报交换
一、缔约国双方主管当局应交换为实施本协定的规定所需要的情报（包括文件），或缔约国双方关于本协定所涉及的税种的国内法律的规定所需要的情报（以根据这些法律征税与本协定不相抵触为限），特别是防止偷漏税的情报。情报交换不受第一条的限制。缔约国一方收到的情报应作密件处理，仅应告知与本协定所含税种有关的查定、征收、执行、起诉或裁决上诉有关的人员或当局（包括法院和行政管理部门）。上述人员或当局应仅为上述目的使用该情报，但可以在公开法庭的诉讼程序或法庭判决中公开有关情报。
二、第一款的规定在任何情况下，不应被理解为缔约国一方有以下义务：
（一）采取与该缔约国或缔约国另一方法律和行政惯例相违背的行政措施；
（二）提供按照该缔约国或缔约国另一方法律或正常行政渠道不能得到的情报或文件；
（三）提供泄露任何贸易、经营、工业、商业、专业秘密、贸易过程的情报或文件或者泄露会违反公共政策（公共秩序）的情报。
第二十七条 外交代表和领事官员
本协定应不影响按国际法一般规则或特别协定规定的外交代表或领事官员的税收特权。
第二十八条 生 效
本协定在缔约国双方交换外交照会确认已履行为本协定生效所必需的各自的法律程序之日起的第三十天开始生效。本协定应有效：
（一）在中国，对自本协定生效年度的次年一月一日或以后开始的纳税年度中取得的所得；
（二）在印度，对自本协定生效年度的次年四月一日或以后开始年度的上年度中取得的所得。
第二十九条 终 止
本协定应长期有效。但缔约国任何一方可以在本协定生效之日起满五年后任何历年六月三十日或以前，通过外交途径书面通知对方终止本协定。在这种情况下，本协定应停止有效：
（一）在中国，终止通知发出年度的次年一月一日或以后开始的纳税年度中取得的所得；
（二）在印度，通知发出年度的次年四月一日或以后开始年度的上年度中取得的所得。
下列代表，经各自政府正式授权，已在本协定上签字为证。
本协定于一九九四年七月十八日在新德里签订，一式两份，每份都用中文、印地文和英文写成，三种文本同等作准。如遇有分歧，应以英文本为准。
中华人民共和国政府 印度共和国政府
代 表 代 表
钱其琛 曼莫汉?辛格
（签字） （签字）
议定书
在签订中华人民共和国政府和印度共和国政府关于对所得避免双重征税和防止偷漏税的协定（以下简称“协定”）时，双方同意下列规定作为该协定的组成部分：
一、关于第三条第一款第（四）项
“税收”一语，应理解为不包括因违背与本协定适用税种有关的法律和法规所处以的罚金。
二、关于第八条
免税也应包括：
（一）在中国，营业税；
（二）在印度，本协定签署以后，印度可能征收的任何类似中国的营业税的税收。
三、关于第二十六条
缔约国双方主管当局应就日常需要进行交换的情报或文件随时达成协议。
下列代表，经各自政府正式授权，已在本议定书上签字为证。
本议定书于一九九四年七月十八日在新德里签订，一式两份，每份都用中文、印地文和英文写成，三种文本同等作准。如遇有分歧，应以英文本为准。
中华人民共和国政府 印度共和国政府
代 表 代 表
钱其琛 曼莫汉?辛格
（签字） （签字）
AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE‘S REPUBLIC OF CHINA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA FOR THE AVOIDANCE OF DOUBLE TAXATION AND THE PREVENTION OF FISCAL EVASION WITH RESPECT TO TAXES ON INCOME
The Government of the People‘s Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of India；
Desiring to conclude an Agreement for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income；
Have Agreed as follows：
Article 1
Personal Scope
This Agreement shall apply to persons who are residents of one or both of the Contracting States.
Article 2
Taxes Covered
1. This Agreement shall apply to taxes on income imposed on behalf of a Contracting State or of its political subdivisions or local authorities， irrespective of the manner in which they are levied.
2. There shall be regarded as taxes on income all taxes imposed on total income， or on elements of income， including taxes on gains from the alienation of movable or immovable property， as well as taxes on capital appreciation.
3. The existing taxes to which the Agreement shall apply are：
（a） in China：
（i） the individual income tax；
（ii） the income tax for enterprises with foreign investment and foreign enterprises；
（iii） the local income tax；
（hereinafter referred to as “Chinese Tax” ） .
（b） in India：
the income tax including any surcharge thereon；
（hereinafter referred to as “Indian tax” ） .
4. This Agreement shall also apply to any identical or substantially similar taxes which are imposed after the date of signature of this Agreement in addition to， or in place of， the existing taxes referred to in paragraph 3. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall notify each other of any substantial changes which have been made in their respective taxation laws within a reasonable period of time after such changes.
Article 3
General Definitions
1. For the purposes of this Agreement， unless the context otherwise requires：
（a） the term “China” means the People‘s Republic of China； when used in geographical sense， means all the territory of the People’s Republic of China， including its territorial sea， in which the Chinese laws relating to taxation apply， and any area beyond its territorial sea， within which the People‘s Republic of China has sovereign rights of exploration for and exploitation of resources of the seabed and its sub-soil and superjacent water resources in accordance with international law；
（b） the term “India” means the territory of the Republic of India and includes the territorial sea and airspace above it， as well as any other maritime zone in which India has sovereign rights， other rights and jurisdictions， according to the Indian law and in accordance with international law；
（c） the terms “a Contracting State” and “the other Contracting State” mean China or India as the context requires；
（d） the term “tax” means Chinese tax or Indian tax， as the context requires；
（e） the term “person” includes an individual， a company and any other entity which is treated as a taxable unit under the taxation laws in force in the respective Contracting States；
（f） the term “company” means any body corporate or any entity which is treated as a body corporate for tax purposes；
（g） the terms “enterprise of a Contracting State” and “enterprise of the other Contracting State” mean， respectively， an enterprise carried on by a resident of a Contracting State and an enterprise carried on by a resident of the other Contracting State；
（h） the term “nationals” means any individual possessing the nationality of a Contracting State and any legal person， partnership or association deriving its status from the laws in force in the Contracting State；
（i） the term “international traffic” means any transport by a ship or aircraft operated by an enterprise which is a resident of a Contracting State， except when the ship or aircraft is operated solely between places in the other Contracting State；
（j） the term “competent authority” means， in the case of China， the State Administration of Taxation or its authorized representative， and in the case of India， the Central Government in the Ministry of Finance （Department of Revenue） or their authorized representative.
2. As regards the application of this Agreement by a Contracting State， any term not defined therein shall， unless the context otherwise requires， have the meaning which it has under the laws of that Contracting State concerning the taxes to which this Agreement applies.
Article 4
Resident
1. For the purposes of this Agreement， the term “resident of a Contracting State” means any person who， under the laws of that Contracting State， is liable to tax therein by reason of his domicile， residence， place of head office or any other criterion of a similar nature.
2. Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1 an individual is a resident of both Contracting States， then his status shall be determined as follows：
（a） he shall be deemed to be a resident of the Contracting State in which he has a permanent home available to him； if he has a permanent home available to him in both Contracting States， he shall be deemed to be a resident of the Contracting State with which his personal and economic relations are closer （centre of vital interests） ；
（b） if the State in which he has his centre of vital interests cannot be determined， or if he has not a permanent home available to him in either Contracting State， he shall be deemed to be a resident of the State in which he has a habitual abode；
（c） if he has a habitual abode in both Contracting States or in neither of them， he shall be deemed to be a resident of the Contracting State of which he is a national；
（d） if he is a national of both Contracting States or of neither of them， the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall settle the question by mutual agreement.
3. Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1 a person other than an individual is a resident of both Contracting States， then it shall be deemed to be a resident of the Contracting State in which its head office is situated.
Article 5
Permanent Establishment
1. For the purposes of this Agreement， the term “permanent establishment” means a fixed place of business through which the business of an enterprise is wholly or partly carried on.
2. The term “permanent establishment” includes especially：
（a） a place of management；
（b） a branch；
（c） an office；
（d） a factory；
（e） a workshop；
（f） a mine， an oil or gas well， a quarry or any other place of extraction of natural resources；
（g） a warehouse， in relation to a person providing storage facilities for others；
（h） a farm， plantation or other place where agriculture， forestry， plantation or related activities are carried on；
（i） an installation or structure used for the exploration or exploitation of natural resources， but only if so used for a period of more than 183 days；
（j） a building site or construction， installation or assembly project or supervisory activities in connection therewith， where such site， project or activities （together with other such sites， projects or activities， if any） continue for a period of more than 183 days；
（k） the furnishing of services other than technical services as defined in Article 12 （Royalties and Fees for Technical Services）， by an enterprise of a Contracting State through employees or other personnel in the other Contracting State， but only if activities of that nature continue within that other Contracting State for a period or periods aggregating more than 183 days.
3. Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this Article， the term “permanent establishment” shall be deemed not to include：
（a） the use of facilities solely for the purpose of storage， display or delivery of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise；
（b） the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of storage， display or delivery；
（c） the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of processing by another enterprise；
（d） the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of purchasing goods or merchandise or of collecting information， for the enterprise；
（e） the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of carrying on， for the enterprise， any other activity of a preparatory or auxiliary character.
4. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2， where a person?other than an agent of an independent status to whom the provisions of paragraph 5 apply?is acting in a Contracting State on behalf of an enterprise of the other Contracting State， has and habitually exercises an authority to conclude contracts in the name of the enterprise， that enterprise shall be deemed to have a permanent establishment in the first-mentioned Contracting State in respect of any activities which that person undertakes for the enterprise， unless the activities of such person are limited to those mentioned in paragraph 3 which， if exercised through a fixed place of business， would not make this fixed place of business a permanent establishment under the provisions of that paragraph.
5. An enterprise of a Contracting State shall not be deemed to have a permanent establishment in the other Contracting State merely because it carries on business in that other Contracting State through a broker， general commission agent or any other agent of an independent status， provided that such persons are acting in the ordinary course of their business. However， when the activities of such an agent are devoted wholly or almost wholly on behalf of that enterprise， he will not be considered an agent of an independent status within the meaning of this paragraph.
6. The fact that a company which is a resident of a Contracting State controls or is controlled by a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State， or which carries on business in that other State （whether through a permanent establishment or otherwise）， shall not of itself constitute either company a permanent establishment of the other.
Article 6
Income from Immovable Property
1. Income derived by a resident of a Contracting State from immovable property situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other Contracting State.
2. The term “immovable property” shall have the meaning which it has under the law of the Contracting State in which the property in question is situated. The term shall in any case include property accessory to immovable property， livestock and equipment used in agriculture and forestry， rights to which the provisions of general law respecting landed property apply， usufruct of immovable property and rights to variable or fixed payments as consideration for the working of， or the right to work， mineral deposits， sources and other natural resources. Ships and aircraft shall not be regarded as immovable property.
3. The provisions of paragraph 1 shall apply to income derived from the direct use， letting， or use in any other form of immovable property.
4. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 3 shall also apply to the income from immovable property of an enterprise and to income from immovable property used for the performance of independent personal services.
Article 7
Business Profits
1. The profits of an enterprise of a Contracting State shall be taxable only in that Contracting State unless the enterprise carries business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein. If the enterprise carries on business as aforesaid， the profits of the enterprise may be taxed in the other Contracting State but only so much of them as is directly or indirectly attributable to that permanent establishment. The provisions of this paragraph shall， however， not apply if the enterprise proves that the above activities could not have been undertaken by the permanent establishment or have no relation with the permanent establishment.
2. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3， where an enterprise of a Contracting State carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein， there shall in each Contracting State be attributed to that permanent establishment the profits which it might be expected to make if it were a distinct and separate enterprise engaged in the same or similar activities under the same or similar conditions and dealing wholly independently with the enterprise of which it is a permanent establishment.
3. Insofar as the tax law of a Contracting State provides with respect to a specific business activity that the profits to be attributed to a permanent establishment are to be determined on the basis of a deemed profit， nothing in paragraph 2 shall preclude that Contracting State from applying those provisions of its law， provided that the result is in accordance with the principles contained in this Article.
4. In determining the profits of a permanent establishment， there shall be allowed as deductions expenses which are incurred for the purposes of the business of the permanent establishment， including executive and general administrative expenses so incurred， whether in the Contracting State in which the permanent establishment is situated or elsewhere in accordance with the provisions of tax law of that Contracting State.
5. No profits shall be attributed to a permanent establishment by reason of the mere purchase by that permanent establishment of goods or merchandise for the enterprise.
6. For the purposes of paragraphs 1 to 5， the profits to be attributed to the permanent establishment shall be determined by the same method year by year unless there is good and sufficient reason to the contrary.
7. Where profits include items of income which are dealt with separately in other Articles of this Agreement， then the provisions of those Articles shall not be affected by the provisions of this Article.
Article 8
Shipping and Air Transport
1. Profits derived by an enterprise which is a resident of a Contracting State from the operation by that enterprise of ships or aircraft in international traffic shall be taxable only in that Contracting State.
2. For the purposes of this Article， profits from the operation of ships or aircraft in international traffic shall mean profits derived by an enterprise described in paragraph 1 from the transportation by sea or air respectively of passengers， mail， livestock or goods carried on by the owners or lessees or charterers of ships or aircraft including：
（a） the sale of tickets for such transportation；
（b） the rental of ships or aircraft connected with such transportation； and
（c） income from use， maintenance， or rental of containers （including trailers， barges， and related equipment for the transport of containers） operated in international traffic.
3. For the purposes of this Article， interest on funds directly connected with the operation of ships or aircraft in international traffic shall be regarded as profits described in this Article， and the provisions of Article 11 （interest） shall not apply in relation to such interest.
4. The provisions of paragraph 1 shall also apply to profits from the participation in a pool， a joint business or an international operating agency.
Article 9
Associated Enterprises
1. Where
（a） an enterprise of a Contracting State participates directly or indirectly in the management， control or capital of an enterprise of the other Contracting State， or
（b） the same persons participate directly or indirectly in the management， control or capital of an enterprise of a Contracting State and an enterprise of the other Contracting State，
and in either case conditions are made or imposed between the two enterprises in their commercial or financial relations which differ from those which would be made between independent enterprises， then any profits which would， but for those conditions， have accrued to one of the enterprises， but， by reason of those conditions， have not so accrued， may be included in the profits of that enterprise and taxed accordingly.
2. Where a Contracting State includes in the profits of an enterprise of that Contracting State and taxes accordingly profits on which an enterprise of the other Contracting State has been charged to tax in that other Contracting State， and the profits so included are profits which would have accrued to the enterprise of the first-mentioned Contracting State if the conditions made between the two enterprises had been those which would have been made between independent enterprises， then that other State shall make an appropriate adjustment to the amount of tax charged therein on those profits. In determining such adjustment， due regard shall be had to the other provisions of this Agreement and the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall， if necessary， consult each other.
Article 10
Dividends
1. Dividends paid by a company which is a resident of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other Contracting State.
2. However， such dividends may also be taxed in the Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident and according to the laws of that Contracting State， but if the recipient is the beneficial owner of the dividends the tax so charged shall not exceed 10 per cent of the gross amount of the dividends. The provisions of this paragraph shall not affect the taxation of the company in respect of the profits out of which the dividends are paid.
3. The term “dividends” as used in this Article means income from shares， or other rights， not being debt-claims， participating in profits， as well as income from other corporate rights which is subjected to the same taxation treatment as income from shares by the laws of the State of which the company making the distribution is a resident.
4. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the dividends， being a resident of a Contracting State， carries on business in the other Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident， through a permanent establishment situated therein， or performs in that other Contracting State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein， and the holding in respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of Article 7 or Article 14， as the case may be， shall apply.
5. Where a company which is a resident of a Contracting State derives profits or income from the other Contracting State， that other Contracting State may not impose any tax on the dividends paid by the company， except insofar as such dividends are paid to a resident of that other Contracting State or insofar as the holding in respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with a permanent establishment or a fixed base situated in that other Contracting State， nor subject the company‘s undistributed profits to a tax on the company’s undistributed profits， even if the dividends paid or the undistributed profits consist wholly or partly of profits or income arising in such other Contracting State.
Article 11
Interest
1. Interest arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other Contracting State.
2. However， such interest may also be taxed in the Contracting State in which it arises and according to the laws of that Contracting State， but if the recipient is the beneficial owner of the interest the tax so charged shall not exceed 10 per cent of the gross amount of the interest.
3. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2， interest arising in a Contracting State and derived by the Government of the other Contracting State， a political subdivision， a local authority and the Central Bank thereof or any financial institution wholly owned by that Government， or by any other resident of that other Contracting State with respect to debt-claims indirectly financed by the Government of that other Contracting State， a political subdivision， a local authority， and the Central Bank thereof or any financial institution wholly owned by that Government shall be exempt from tax in the first-mentioned Contracting State.
4. The term “interest” as used in this Article means income from debt-claims of every kind， whether or not secured by mortgage and whether or not carrying a right to participate in the debtor‘s profits， and in particular， income from government securities and income from bonds or debentures， including premiums and prizes attaching to such securities， bonds or debentures. Penalty charges for late payment shall not be regarded as interest for the purpose of this Article.
5. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the interest， being a resident of a Contracting State， carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the interest arises， through a permanent establishment situated therein， or performs in that other Contracting State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein， and the debt-claim in respect of which the interest is paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of Article 7 or Article 14， as the case may be， shall apply.
6. Interest shall be deemed to arise in a Contracting State when the payer is the Government of that Contracting State， a political subdivision， a local authority thereof or a resident of that Contracting State. Where， however， the person paying the interest， whether he is a resident of a Contracting State or not， has in a Contracting State a permanent establishment or a fixed base in connection with which the indebtedness on which the interest is paid was incurred， and such interest is borne by such permanent establishment or fixed base， then such interest shall be deemed to arise in the Contracting State in which the permanent establishment or fixed base is situated.
7. Where， by reason of a special relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both of them and some other person， the amount of the interest， having regard to the debt-claim for which it is paid， exceeds the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer and the beneficial owner in the absence of such relationship， the provisions of this Article shall apply only to the last-mentioned amount. In such case， the excess part of the payments shall remain taxable according to the laws of each Contracting State， due regard being had to the other provisions of this Agreement.
Article 12
Royalties and Fees for Technical Services
1. Royalties or fees for technical services arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other Contracting State.
2. However， such royalties or fees for technical services may also be taxed in the Contracting State in which they arise， and according to the laws of that Contracting State， but if the recipient is the beneficial owner of the royalties or fees for technical services， the tax so charged shall not exceed 10 per cent of the gross amount of the royalties or fees for technical services.
3. The term “royalties” as used in this Article means payment of any kind received as a consideration for the use of， or the right to use， any copyright of literary， artistic or scientific work including cinematograph films and films or tapes for radio or television broadcasting， any patent， trade mark， design or model， plan， secret formula or process， or for the use of， or the right to use， industrial， commercial or scientific equipment， or for information concerning industrial， commercial or scientific experience.
4. The term “fees for technical services” as used in this Article means any payment for the provision of services of managerial， technical or consultancy nature by a resident of a Contracting State in the other Contracting State， but does not include payment for activities mentioned in paragraph 2 （k） of Article 5 and Article 15 of the Agreement.
5. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the royalties or fees for technical services， being a resident of a Contracting State， carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the royalties or fees for technical services arise， through a permanent establishment situated therein， or performs in that other Contracting State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein， and the right， property or contract in respect of which the royalties or fees for technical services are paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of Article 7 or Article 14， as the case may be， shall apply.
6. Royalties or fees for technical services shall be deemed to arise in a Contracting State when the payer is the Government of that Contracting State， a political subdivision， a local authority thereof or a resident of that Contracting State. Where， however， the person paying the royalties or fees for technical services， whether he is a resident of a Contracting State or not， has in a Contracting State a permanent establishment or a fixed base in connection with which the liability to pay the royalties or fees for technical services was incurred， and such royalties or fees for technical services are borne by such permanent establishment or fixed base， then such royalties or fees for technical services shall be deemed to arise in the Contracting State in which the permanent establishment or fixed base is situated.
7. Where， by reason of a special relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both of them and some other person， the amount of the royalties or fees for technical services， having regard to the use， right or information for which they are paid， exceeds the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer and the beneficial owner in the absence of such relationship， the provisions of this Article shall apply only to the last-mentioned amount. In such case， the excess part of the payments shall remain taxable according to the laws of each Contracting State， due regard being had to the other provisions of this Agreement.
Article 13
Capital Gains
1. Gains derived by a resident of a Contracting State from the alienation of immovable property referred to in Article 6 and situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other Contracting State.
2. Gains from the alienation of movable property forming part of business property of a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State or of movable property pertaining to a fixed base available to a resident of a Contracting State in the other Contracting State for the purpose of performing independent personal services， including such gains from the alienation of such a permanent establishment （alone or together with the whole enterprise） or of such a fixed base， may be taxed in that other Contracting State.
3. Gains from the alienation of ships or aircraft operated in international traffic or movable property pertaining to the operation of such ships or aircraft shall be taxable only in the Contracting State of which the alienator is a resident.
4. Gains from the alienation of shares of the capital stock of a company the property of which consists directly or indirectly principally of immovable property situated in a Contracting State may be taxed in that Contracting State.
5. Gains from the alienation of any property other than that referred to in the preceding paragraphs of this Article， arising in a Contracting State， may be taxed in that Contracting State.
Article 14
Independent Personal Services
1. Income derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of professional services or other activities of an independent character shall be taxable only in that Contracting State except in one of the following circumstances， when such income may also be taxed in the other Contracting State：
（a） if he has a fixed base regularly available to him in the other Contracting State for the purpose of performing his activities； in that case， only so much of the income as is attributable to that fixed base may be taxed in that other Contracting State；
（b） if his stay in the other Contracting State is for a period or periods exceeding in the aggregate 183 days in the taxable year concerned； in that case， only so much of the income as is derived from his activities performed in that other Contracting State may be taxed in that other Contracting State.
2. The term “professional services” includes especially independent scientific， literary， artistic， educational or teaching activities as well as the independent activities of physicians， lawyers， engineers， architects， dentists and accountants.
Article 15
Dependent Personal Services
1. Subject to the provisions of Articles 16， 18， 19， 20 and 21， salaries， wages and other similar remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment shall be taxable only in that Contracting State unless the employment is exercised in the other Contracting State. If the employment is so exercised， such remuneration as is derived therefrom may be taxed in that other Contracting State.
2. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1， remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment exercised in the other Contracting State shall be taxable only in the first-mentioned State if：
（a） the recipient is present in the other Contracting State for a period or periods not exceeding in the aggregate 183 days in the taxable year concerned； and
（b） the remuneration is paid by， or on behalf of， an employer who is not a resident of the other Contracting State； and
（c） the remuneration is not borne by a permanent establishment or a fixed base which the employer has in the other Contracting State.
3. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article， remuneration derived in respect of an employment exercised aboard a ship or aircraft operated by an enterprise which is a resident of a Contracting State in international traffic shall be taxable only in that Contracting State.
Article 16
Directors‘ Fees
Directors‘ fees and other similar payments derived by a resident of a Contracting State in his capacity as a member of the board of directors of a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other Contracting State.
Article 17
Artistes and Sportspersons
1. Notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 14 and 15， income derived by a resident of a Contracting State as an entertainer， such as a theatre， motion picture， radio or television artiste， or a musician， or as a sportsperson， from his personal activities as such exercised in the other Contracting State， may be taxed in that other Contracting State.
2. Where income in respect of personal activities exercised by an entertainer or a sportsperson in his capacity as such accrues not to the entertainer or sportsperson himself but to another person， that income may， notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 7， 14 and 15， be taxed in the Contracting State in which the activities of the entertainer or sportsperson are exercised.
3. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2， income derived by entertainers or sportspersons who are residents of a Contracting State from the activities exercised in the other Contracting State either as a part of cultural exchange between the Contracting States or supported wholly or substantially from the public funds in either of the Contracting States or political subdivisions or local authorities thereof， shall be exempt from tax in that other Contracting State.
Article 18
Pensions
1. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 19， pensions， annuity and other similar remuneration paid to a resident of a Contracting State in consideration of past employment shall be taxable only in that Contracting State.
2. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1， pensions， annuity paid and other similar payments made by the Government of a Contracting State or a political subdivision or a local authority thereof under a public welfare scheme of the social security system of that Contracting State shall be taxable only in that Contracting State.
Article 19
Remuneration and Pensions in Respect of Government Services
1.
（a） Remuneration， other than pension， paid by the Government of a Contracting State or a political subdivision or a local authority thereof to an individual in respect of services rendered to the Government of that Contracting State or a political subdivision or a local authority thereof， in the discharge of functions of a governmental nature， shall be taxable only in that Contracting State.
（b） However， such remuneration shall be taxable only in the other Contracting State if the services are rendered in that other Contracting State and the individual is a resident of that other Contracting State who：
（i） is a national of that other Contracting State； or
（ii） did not become a resident of that other Contracting State solely for the purpose of rendering the services.
2.
（a） Any pension paid by， or out of funds to which contributions are made by the Government of a Contracting State or a political subdivision or a local authority thereof to an individual in respect of services rendered to the Government of that Contracting State or a political subdivision or a local authority thereof shall be taxable only in that Contracting State.
（b） However， such pension shall be taxable only in the other Contracting State if the individual is a resident of， and a national of， that other Contracting State.
3. The provisions of Articles 15， 16， 17 and 18 shall apply to remuneration and pensions in respect of services rendered in connection with a business carried on by the Government of a Contracting State or a political subdivision or a local authority thereof.
Article 20
Payments Received by Professors， Teachers and Research Scholars
1. An individual who is， or immediately before visiting a Contracting State was， a resident of the other Contracting State and is present in the first-mentioned Contracting State for the primary purpose of teaching， giving lectures or conducting research at a university， college， school or educational institution or scientific research institution approved by the Government of the first-mentioned Contracting State shall be exempt from tax in the first-mentioned Contracting State， for a period of three years from the date of his first arrival in the first-mentioned Contracting State， in respect of remuneration for such teaching， lectures or research.
2. This Article shall not apply to income from research if such research is undertaken primarily for the private benefit of a specific person or persons.
Article 21
Payments Received by Students， Trainees and Apprentices
1. A student， business apprentice or trainee who is or was immediately before visiting a Contracting State a resident of the other Contracting State and who is present in the first-mentioned State solely for the purpose of his education， training shall be exempt from tax in that first-mentioned State on the following payments or income received or derived by him for the purpose of his maintenance， education or training：
（a） payments derived from sources outside that Contracting State for the purpose of his maintenance， education， study， research or training；
（b） grants， scholarships or awards supplied by the Government， or a scientific， educational， cultural or other tax-exempt organization； and
（c） income derived from personal services performed in that Contracting State for the purpose of maintenance.
2. The benefits of this Article shall extend only for such period of time as may be reasonable or customarily required to complete the education or training undertaken， but in no event shall any individual have the benefits of this Article， for more than five consecutive years from the date of his first arrival in that Contracting State.
Article 22
Other Income
1. Items of income of a resident of a Contracting State， wherever arising， not dealt with in the foregoing Articles of this Agreement shall be taxable only in that Contracting State.
2. The provisions of paragraph 1 shall not apply to income， other than income from immovable property as defined in paragraph 2 of Article 6， if the recipient of such income， being a resident of a Contracting State， carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein， or performs in that other Contracting State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein， and the right or property in respect of which the income is paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of Article 7 or Article 14， as the case may be， shall apply.
3. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2， items of income of a resident of a Contracting
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