随着新冠疫情在全世界的蔓延，防控境外流入病毒已经是防控重点，大连等沿海城市陆续在进口货物外包装上检测出新冠病毒，对于进口企业而言，如进口货物沾染到新冠病毒，不但可能面临货物被销毁的损失，还可能存在病毒感染人群，对人身损害及社会造成的影响，同时堆存货物的货场也很难做到货物之间隔离堆存，很可能货场内其他货物面临病毒污染被一并销毁的可能，一旦发生，损失将是极其重大。

对于国内进口企业，此时此刻应做好与境外企业的合同约定，全面约定进口货物关于新冠病毒沾染的责任承担，明确责任方、责任时间、赔偿方式、纠纷解决方式。一方面通过合同约定进一步加强境外企业对进口货物安全性的要求，另一方面一旦出现损失，可以通过清晰的途径主张权利，保护自身利益。

出于对国内贸易企业的保护，本文律师将提供部分针对新冠疫情的参考合同条款，希望能帮助进口企业，避免货物沾染新冠病毒的风险，及时保护国内企业的利益。

在这里，买方指代国内进口企业，卖方指代境外出口企业。

1．关于产品、外包装、运输包装安全性约定

中文合同条款：

卖方应保证其产品的安全性，产品及产品外包装不带有新冠病毒，包括但不限于产品自身、产品外包装、运输包装（运输船舶、集装箱、加固绑扎等）等全部与人接触处。同时，卖方应保证其与产品、产品外包装、运输包装（运输船舶、集装箱、加固绑扎等）接触人员身体健康，不带有新冠病毒等任何传染性疾病，保证出口货物的安全性。

英文合同条款：

The Seller shall guarantee the safety of its products, and that the products and their outer packaging are free of coronavirus (COVID-19), including but not limited to all parts of products, outer packaging, transportation packaging (ships for transportation, containers, reinforcement binding, etc.) which can be contacted by personnel. At the same time, the Seller shall guarantee the health of the personnel who contact with the products, outer packaging and transportation packaging (containers, reinforcement binding, etc.), and shall not carry any infectious diseases such as coronavirus, so as to ensure the safety of export goods.

2．国际贸易术语的C组（CFR、CIF、CPT和CIP）、D组（DAF、DES、DEQ、DDU和DDP）、E（EXW）组、F组（FCA、FAS和FOB），尽量选择D组国际贸易术语，指卖方须承担把货物交至目的地国所需的全部费用和风险（货到）。即货物在船上沾染新冠病毒的风险一并由卖方承担。

国际贸易货物在运输过程中，很可能因船上、船员带有新冠病毒而导致货物沾染病毒，对于进口方买方来说，应尽可能将运输风险转嫁到卖方。

除了贸易术语的选择外，还可以约定：

中文合同条款：

卖方应承担将货物交付至买方国买方指定交货场站前的全部货损、运输、感染传染病病毒风险。

英文合同条款：

All risks of damage, transportation and infection of infectious diseases and viruses shall be borne by the Seller before the Seller delivers the goods to the place designated by the Buyer in the Buyer’s country.

3．拒收、退货、退款条款

中文合同条款：

在卖方收到货物前（或卖方收到货物后XX时间内），如卖方工厂人员发生新冠病毒感染、运输船舶及船上人员发生新冠病毒感染、进口国海关及其他机构检测出货物及同船货物带有新冠病毒，如买方未收到货则买方有权拒收，卖方返还买方已付全部款项；如买方已收到货则买方有权退货，卖方返还买方已付全部款项并承担退货运费。

英文合同条款：

Before the Seller receives the goods (or within XX (period) after the Seller receives the goods), if the coronavirus infection occurs to the personnel of the Seller's factory, the ship for transportation and the personnel on board, or the customs of the importing country and other institutions detect that the goods and other goods on the same ship carry coronavirus:

（a）If the Buyer has not received the goods, the Buyer is entitled to reject the goods, and the Seller shall return the full amount paid by the Buyer;

（b）If it is known after receiving the goods, the Buyer is entitled to return the goods, and the Seller shall return the full amount paid by the Buyer and bear the freight for such return.

4．损失赔偿、违约金条款

如因卖方导致货物及外包装等沾染新冠病毒，导致货物销毁、停工停产、同仓库其他货物销毁、消杀消毒等，应将全部损失约定由卖方承担。

中文合同条款：

卖方因产品安全性问题违反本合同约定导致买方的全部损失，包括但不限于货物损失、因此造成感染的人身损害损失、停工停产损失以及诉讼费、律师费、鉴定费、检测费等，全部由卖方承担。

英文合同条款：

All losses of the Buyer caused by the Seller's breach of this Contract due to product safety problems shall be borne by the Seller, including but not limited to the loss of goods, personal injury caused by infection, loss caused by shutdown or suspension of production, as well as legal costs, attorney fees, appraisal fees, testing fees, etc.

5．争议解决条款

如发生退货、退款、赔偿纠纷，应尽量将管辖权约定对买方有利，例如适用中国法律、在中国境内审理等。

中文合同条款：

本合同适用中华人民共和国法律并按中华人民共和国法律解释，且中华人民共和国法下的冲突法不影响中华人民共和国法适用。任何通过友好协商后不能解决的争议均应提交中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会仲裁解决，仲裁地XX（或买方所在地法院诉讼解决）。

英文合同条款：

The Contract shall be governed by and interpreted in accordance with the laws of the People's Republic of China, and rules of conflict under the laws of the People's Republic of China shall not affect the applicability of laws of the People's Republic of China. Any and all disputes in relation to and/or arising out of the implementation of the Contract shall be settled through friendly negotiation between both parties. Should there be no settlement after negotiation, the dispute shall be submitted to China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission with arbitration venue in XX (or the court where the Buyer is located).

以上条款仅仅是在各地接连发生进口货物检验出新冠病毒后，本文律师就国内企业保护的一些绵薄建议，仅供参考。

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